Why is consensus hard in distributed systems? Learn the Two Generals Problem, FLP impossibility, crash-stop vs Byzantine failures, and why consensus must stay off the data path — with production examples from etcd, Raft, and Google Spanner.
A practical guide to designing communication and coordination in distributed systems, based on real failure modes and proven principles.
Distributed systems have no global clock. Logical clocks help reason about ordering, causality, and concurrency without relying on physical time.
Communication in distributed systems relies on message passing, not shared memory, making failures and delays unavoidable.